Tattvartha Sutra on Windows Pc

The "Tattvartha Sutra," also known as "Tattvarthadhigama Sutra," is one of the most important texts in Jain philosophy. Composed by the Jain monk Acharya Umasvati (also known as Umasvami) around the 2nd century CE, it systematically presents the core principles of Jainism. The text is revered in both the Svetambara and Digambara sects of Jainism, making it a unique and authoritative scripture.

### Overview

The "Tattvartha Sutra" is written in Sanskrit and consists of 10 chapters, encompassing a total of 357 sutras (aphorisms). The work covers various aspects of Jain philosophy, including metaphysics, cosmology, ethics, and the path to liberation (moksha).

### Structure and Content

1. **Chapter 1: Right Faith (Samyak Darshana)**
- This chapter discusses the nature and importance of right faith, which is the foundation of the Jain path to liberation. It emphasizes the need for belief in the true nature of reality as described by Jain teachings.

2. **Chapter 2: Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana)**
- Right knowledge is elaborated upon, explaining the types of knowledge (Mati Jnana, Shruta Jnana, Avadhi Jnana, Manahparyaya Jnana, and Kevala Jnana) and the means to acquire it.

3. **Chapter 3: Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra)**
- This chapter details the ethical and moral conduct required for a Jain practitioner. It outlines the vows (Mahavratas and Anuvratas) and the principles of non-violence (Ahimsa), truthfulness (Satya), non-stealing (Asteya), chastity (Brahmacharya), and non-possession (Aparigraha).

4. **Chapter 4: The Universe (Lokavibhaga)**
- This section describes the structure and nature of the universe, including the concepts of loka (world) and aloka (non-world), and the six substances (dravyas) that constitute reality: Jiva (soul), Pudgala (matter), Dharma (principle of motion), Adharma (principle of rest), Akasha (space), and Kala (time).

5. **Chapter 5: The Influx of Karmas (Ashrava)**
- The process through which karmas enter the soul and bind it is explained. This includes the causes and conditions that lead to the influx of karmas.

6. **Chapter 6: The Bondage of Karmas (Bandha)**
- This chapter elaborates on the different types of karmic bonds and their effects on the soul. It also explains the categories of karmas and how they influence the life of beings.

7. **Chapter 7: The Stoppage of Karmas (Samvara)**
- Techniques and practices to stop the influx of new karmas are discussed. These practices include various forms of self-discipline and control.

8. **Chapter 8: The Shedding of Karmas (Nirjara)**
- Methods to shed the accumulated karmas are described, which include penance, meditation, and other ascetic practices.

9. **Chapter 9: Liberation (Moksha)**
- The state of liberation and the qualities of a liberated soul are detailed. This chapter emphasizes the ultimate goal of Jain practice, which is to achieve a state of eternal bliss and freedom from the cycle of birth and death.

10. **Chapter 10: Epilogue**
- This concluding chapter summarizes the key points and reiterates the importance of the principles discussed in the preceding chapters.

### Significance

The "Tattvartha Sutra" serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the essence of Jain philosophy. Its succinct and systematic presentation makes it a crucial text for both scholars and practitioners of Jainism. The commentary tradition on this work is extensive, with numerous interpretations written over the centuries to elucidate its meanings.