Chemistry Formulas List on Windows Pc

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain C-C or C-H bonds. You might wonder, "Why devote a whole field of study to just carbon compounds?"

The answer is two fold:

There are more compounds that contain carbon than compounds that don't.
The compounds with carbon can be very large and complex.
Organic chemistry is a major part of our lives, from the simple sugars and amino acids to the complex enzymes and huge DNA molecules. Organic chemistry is involved in the development of the food you eat; the clothes you wear; the plastics and polymers that are all around you; the medicines you use; your fuels, pesticides, poisons, soaps and detergents.

The properties of organic compounds differ from those of inorganic compounds. Organic compounds have

low melting points
low boiling points
soluble organic solvents rather than water
poor electrical conductivity.
Organic reactions are usually slow and produce low yields of product because of the many side reactions that can occur.

Although, there are millions of known organic compounds, the elements they contain are relatively few. Besides, carbon and hydrogen, there is oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the halogens.

The variety of organic compounds is due to the many different arrangements, or structures, that are possible. The chemical and physical properties of these compounds are related to the structures of their molecules. Thus, the key to understanding organic chemistry is an understanding molecular structure and chemical bonding.

Carbon

Remember, carbon has four valence electrons and can obtain a stable configuration by forming four covalent bonds. Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds and only a few elements can do this. Also, carbon is unique in that it bonds easily with other carbon atoms, while other elements rarely bond with like atoms. Thus, carbon can form long chains, branched chains, rings and rings with chains for a vast variety of compounds.

Hydrocarbons

Many organic compounds consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms and are known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are subdivided into two groups-aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. The aliphatic hydrocarbons that are acyclic (chains) or cyclic (rings) and contain only sigma bonds are saturated hydrocarbons. Those that have both sigma and pi bonds are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. The aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic hydrocarbons that contain three double bonds.

The aliphatic hydrocarbons consist of chains of carbon atoms with hydrogen attached to the outsides of the chain. Since carbon can form single, double and triple bonds three types of aliphatic hydrocarbons are possible-alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Alkanes

Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which there are only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms. The general formula for alkanes is Cn H2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the chain. The length of the carbon chain tends to affect the physical properties such as boiling point and melting point due to the variation in strength of the dipersion forces.

Allows applications to open network sockets.
Allows applications to access information about networks.