كتب في الهندسة المدنية on Windows Pc

Civil engineering is one of the branches of engineering, which is concerned with the study, design and analysis of various civil facilities such as residential and service buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels, airports, ports, water supply systems, water pumping stations, sewage networks, purification plants, water treatment and dams, irrigation projects. During the period of their continuation, so this science may not be limited to the science of design alone.

It is like any science that develops constantly and without interruption and has recently been associated with industrial development in a great way to produce new and sophisticated construction materials that meet the requirements that are always increasing from the society.

For example, plastic reinforced with fiberglass, which is a lightweight material with high hardness near the hardness of the rock and molded according to the desired design and color required, you can get a building in arches and arches and facades as stone and can not be distinguished only with difficulty and at the same time weight Isawe 20% of the same weight Size of natural stone. As well as reinforced concrete glass fiber, which is characterized by strong strength and durability
History of Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is one of the branches of engineering and most closely related to human development and development over the years and ages, and the main catalyst for laboratory products.

It is difficult to determine the date of origin and the beginning of civil engineering, but the history of civil engineering is a mirror of human history on this earth. The old man, when he takes shelter in the caves from harsh weather and environment, and when he uses the trunk of a tree to cross a river, it is at the heart of civil engineering. I was born with the birth of the first human being since the search for shelter began. [4]

Through the ages and years, the pillars of civil engineering stand as a witness to the civilizations of the people and to the achievement of civil engineering for important sites in the history and life of these civilizations and peoples ... The pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Great Wall of China are only civil evidence based on the development of their civilizations. Everyone knows that what is said about the Seven Wonders of the World are only signs of the achievements of their engineers and civilizations.

Where the Great Wall of China was built in a record period of no more than ten years, with a length of more than 2500 kilometers, and that was in 200 BC. In the Roman Empire, the paved road networks connected the imperial cities and supported the flow of trade. [5]

The first mention of civil engineering came from the history of the Roman Empire, where engineering was divided into two branches: military engineering, castles and forts, weapon development, civil engineering and man-made needs such as housing construction, road construction, bridge construction, dams, canalization and the Islamic state; Arabs in the construction of mosques and churches that still exist in which prayers are performed to the present time as the largest witness to the Islamic architecture and high-end Christianity ... And many other palaces and the role that people still live in to this day. [6]

Civil Engineering Departments
Civil Engineering is divided into:

Construction Engineering: Specialized in the design and implementation of metal, concrete, wooden, residential and industrial installations.
Transportation Engineering: specializes in the design and construction of roads, transport engineering and traffic engineering.
Geodetic and Geodesy Engineering: Specialized in the study of spatial dimensions and geo-engineering locations.
Fluid Engineering: It is specialized in studying the properties of liquids and their effect on the structures such as the effect of wind on buildings or water pressure on dams and so on.
Sanitary Engineering: Specialized in the design and operation of sewage systems and water stations.
Irrigation Engineering: It is specialized in studying the methods of control of different irrigation types and agricultural water installations.
Geotechnical Engineering: It is specialized in studying the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock materials and their techniques, and studying the design of buried foundations, tunnels and installations called "soil mechanics" or "geotechnics".
Management and construction engineering: It is specialized in studying the quantities and implementation of the facilities at the lowest possible cost and the fastest possible time and management of the work site
Engineering of dams and water resources: It is specialized in the design of water facilities, infrastructure and foundations as well as hydraulic designs
Marine and Marine Engineering: It is specialized in the design and implementation of seaports and marine installations, such as pavements and barriers, as well as protection of beaches
Civil Engineer
The civil engineer is the person responsible for designing the architectural designs of the architectural plans in accordance with the international standards in that country and supervising the implementation thereof

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