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boll weevil
Also known as boll weevil-Loons (SP), boll weevil black-and-true, the boll weevil (Sporophila maximiliani) is a passerine bird in the Thraupidae family.
Habita flooded pastures, paths with shrubs, forest patches edges, swamps, banks of rivers and lakes, apparently in places near water, especially where there is sawgrass (hypolytrum pungens), razor-of-monkey (hypolytrum schraerianum) or nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) their basic foods in nature. still enjoys rice, which contributes much to his disappearance, victimized by pesticides. Due to appreciation of her singing tournament, it is the target of animal traffickers, which makes their conservation status is CR (Critical) according to IBAMA.

Scientific name

Its scientific name means the (Greek) sporos = seed, seeds; and phila, philos = friend, the one who likes, fond; and maximiliani = honor of Prince Maximilian zu Wied (1782-1867), explorer in Brazil in the period (1815-1817). ⇒ (Ave) who likes Maximilian seeds.

Characteristics

Is between 14.5 and 16.5 centimeters long (Jaramillo, 2014). When adult males have black color, with a white spot on the outside of the wings. The underside of the wings shows white nuances. Its beak is white or stained in most pointed. Females and young have brown coloring in brown tones.
His singing resembles the sound of a flute. As for the song and beak color, occur regional and individual variations.
The young males begin to acquire the adult plumage at about 12 months of age.

weevil male
machobicudo female weevil
female weevil
subspecies

It has two subspecies:

Sporophila maximiliani maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) - occurs (or occurred) in the center and east of Brazil (North Goias, southern Piauí and Bahia Center and south to Mato Grosso and northern Sao Paulo). Critically endangered.
Sporophila maximiliani magnirostris (Phelps Sr & Phelps, Jr, 1950) - occurs in eastern Venezuela (South West of Sucre and south to the Delta Amacuro and North Bolivar State along the south bank of the Orinoco River), West of Guyana and east of French Guiana to the north of Brazil (Amapá and Northern Pará). Nozzle about 20% greater than maximiliani. Wings and tail slightly larger than maximiliani.
feeding

Granivorous, especially appreciates the sawgrass seeds (hypolytrum pungens), razor-of-monkey (hypolytrum schraerianum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus).

reproduction

The nest is well maintained and closed internally coated delicate roots.
The positions are 2 to 3 eggs and the incubation period ranging from 13 to 15 days. The breeding season runs from October to March and a couple can take up to three litters in the period.



It is a rare species. He lives in quite scattered pairs. Prefers warm climates, with temperature above 25 °.
During most of the year are found to couples. Territorialist in essence, demarcates himself a circular area of ​​about a hundred meters radius, which defends against all intruders. Disputes over territory and the friendliness of the females present form of singing challenge, hardly coming to physical aggression. When singing, take upright posture, with pert breasts and lowered tail, highlighting their bravery and willingness to territorial disputes. His singing, always melodic and complex, it is a beautiful sequence trinadas and shaky notes, and varies from bird to bird.

Geographic distribution

Present in Amapá, east and southeast of Pará, Maranhão and Rondônia and, locally, in the Northeast and Midwest of the country, from Alagoas to Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, extending west to Goias, Distrito Federal and Mato Grosso. Found locally also from Nicaragua to Panama and in all other Amazonian countries, with the exception of Suriname.

Reference: WikiAves

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