Frases de Mahatma Gandhi on Windows Pc

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948) was a lawyer, [2] nationalist, anti-colonialist [3] and expert on Indian political ethics, [4] who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the well-campaigned campaign. succeeded for India's independence from the United Kingdom, [5] and in turn inspire civil rights and freedom movements around the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable"), [6] first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, [7] is now used worldwide.

Born and raised in a Hindu family off the coast of Gujarat, western India, and a law graduate from Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa in the struggle of the indigenous community. for civil rights. Upon his return to India in 1915, he began organizing peasants, farmers, and urban workers to protest against the land tax and excessive discrimination. Taking over the leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led national campaigns for various social causes and to achieve Swaraj or self-government. [8]

Gandhi led the Indians to challenge the English saline tax on the 400-km Salt March in 1930 and later to ask the British to leave India in 1942. He was arrested for many years, on several occasions, in India. South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-contained residential community and wore the dhoti and traditional Indian shawl, interwoven with handmade yarn in a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food and also performed long fasts as a means of self-purification and political protest.

Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism that demanded a separate Muslim homeland from India. [9] In August 1947, the United Kingdom granted independence, but the British Empire of India [9] was divided into two domains, Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. [10] As many displaced Indians, Muslims and Sikhs came to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in Panjabe and Bengal. Avoiding the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, trying to provide solace. In the following months, he held several hunger strikes to deter religious violence. The latter, which took place on January 12, 1948, when he was 78, also had the indirect purpose of pressuring India to pay some cash assets due to Pakistan. [11] Some Indians thought Gandhi was very complacent with Muslims. [11] [12] Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, who murdered Gandhi on January 30, 1948, shooting three times in his chest. [12]

Gandhi's birthday, October 2, is celebrated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday and worldwide as International Non-Violence Day. Gandhi is commonly, although not formally considered the Father of the Indian Fatherland. [13] [14] Gandhi is also called Bapu [15] (Gujarati: affection for father, [16] pope [16] [17]).

Frases de Mahatma Gandhi